When Should I be Screened for Colon Cancer?

Colon cancer screening is a vital preventive measure that can save lives by detecting cancer early or even preventing it through the removal of precancerous polyps. Current guidelines from organizations like the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force and the American Cancer Society recommend that individuals at average risk begin screening at age 45. This change reflects rising colorectal cancer rates among younger adults, with projections suggesting it may become the leading cause of cancer deaths in people aged 20-49 by 2030. Screening should continue until age 75, with decisions for older adults based on individual health status and prior screenings. 

There are several screening methods available, each with its own benefits and limitations. Colonoscopy is considered the gold standard, allowing doctors to examine the entire colon, remove polyps, and detect cancer with high accuracy. It is typically recommended every 10 years for average-risk individuals. Other options include stool-based tests like the fecal immunochemical test (FIT) or multi-target stool DNA tests like Cologuard, which are non-invasive and done annually or every three years, respectively. Visual tests such as CT colonography (virtual colonoscopy) and flexible sigmoidoscopy are also available, performed every five years, though they may require follow-up colonoscopies if abnormalities are found.

Choosing the right screening method depends on personal preferences, medical history, and access to healthcare. Regardless of the method, regular screening is crucial for early detection and prevention of colorectal cancer. If you are approaching or over age 45, consult your healthcare provider to determine the best screening strategy for you.